Exposition Text

Definition

Exposition text is a type of writing that explains knowledge or information based on facts to convince the audience or interlocutor. 

Purpose of Exposition Text
The purpose of this text is :

• to explain information or ideas regarding various aspects of life (economics, environment, health, etc. ).
• to influence readers to agree with the opinions expressed by the author in responding to an issue.

Types of Exposition Text 

1. Analytical Exposition

Analytical exposition is an exposition text that begins with a statement from the author to show their attitude and position in responding to an issue or theme that will be discussed.

Next, the author will express many opinions and arguments as support for the opinion that was written at the beginning, then the author closes or ends the writing with a restatement such as the opinion at the beginning as a form of confirmation that he wants to convey to the audience.

2. Hortatory Exposition

Hortatory exposition is a type of exposition text that begins with a statement in the form of a current or viral issue to be turned into the theme of the writing.

If so, the author will state various supporting arguments that are relevant to the theme of the article to make the reader better understand the author's point of view. 

Finally, the text will close with suggestions from the author regarding what the audience should do in responding to the issues that have been discussed.

General Structure of Exposition Text

1. Thesis

In general, in Indonesian, this section is also called a general statement which acts as an opening in an exposition text. Through a thesis statement, the author will usually begin to introduce the issue, topic, or author's view of a topic that will be discussed in the text.

2. Arguments

The next stage is to convey the arguments or opinions you have to support the issue or topic of the article.

In this case, arguments can take the form of personal opinions, logical reasons, relevant data from trusted sources, expert statements, or other supporting facts.

3. Reiteration

This section contains the author's conclusion or conclusion regarding the entire topic discussed at the beginning.

Language Features

1. Use simple present tense
2. Use conjunction

    For example : so , therefore, the reason , etc.
3. Use a lot of cause and effect word (causal conjunctions). 

    For example : because of
4. Use connective words

  Examples of connecting words include even though, although, however, nevertheless, on the   contrary, on the other hand , and many more.

5. Use vocabularies to express writer’s expression
    For example : think, must, try, need, important, and so on so forth .

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Example 1

Thesis:

Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.

Arguments:

Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer and trigger off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.

Secondly, the city is very busy Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which cause to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on your homework and especially talk to someone.

Reiteration/Conclusion:

In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

Example 2

Not without reason, breakfast does have many benefits for the body. According to several research studies, breakfast can provide energy for a person to start activities in the morning and improve performance and concentration. In addition, breakfast will positively influence the cognitive skills of the brain, which can improve memory in producing high concentration.

With so many benefits of eating breakfast, it would be nice not to skip breakfast every day. By eating a healthy breakfast every day, your days will feel better. When the body sleeps, you will lose the body’s intake for a few hours. Therefore, the body needs to be replenished with nutritious and healthy food intake.

If you skip breakfast, you can imagine that various diseases can attack an empty stomach.

Example 3

Why Every Student Should Learn a Second Language

Thesis :
Learning a second language should be mandatory in every school.

Arguments :
Firstly, being bilingual opens up career opportunities in international companies. According to a study by Forbes, bilingual professionals earn 5–20% more than monolingual ones.

Secondly, learning a new language improves cognitive skills such as memory, problem-solving, and multitasking.

Thirdly, it promotes cultural understanding and global awareness, making students more tolerant and adaptable in diverse environments.

Reiteration :
In conclusion, learning a second language is not just an academic asset, but also a life skill that benefits students in many areas. Schools must include it in the curriculum.

Example 4

Everyone must have felt nervous when coming on stage in front of many people. The feel is known as “stage fright” or “nervous.”

The phenomenon of stage fright like this usually happens because someone is not used to appearing in public. Then the feeling will appear if what is conveyed will feel wrong so that it makes people feel like they are being laughed at. The fear that will arise is also due to a lack of confidence. Therefore, you must be able to master and defeat the effects of stage fright.

The effect caused by stage fright, in general, is that the body feels weak when speaking or when performing in public. Then the mood pounded, and the face looked pale. Although we had previously prepared everything thoroughly, our concentration would be broken and disrupted because of stage fright.

If it is illustrated, whatever we do will feel wrong because of the effect of this one stage fright. The solution is to make the body feel as relaxed as possible. Inhale deeply, then exhale slowly. That action can make the brain full of oxygen and work better, which will keep concentration awake.