Argumentative Text

What is an argument text?

An argument text is a text where the writer is either ‘for’ or ‘against’ an issue or subject, or presents the case for both sides.

Argumentative text (essay) is a paragraph text that explains and convinces the reader about the pros (agree) and cons (disagree), which is often called an argumentative paragraph. The topic to be discussed must be controversial for the public and actual news that exists in today's society.

Argumentative has a generic structure, namely:

• It has a topic sentence (has a topic sentence)
• It has supporting sentences for pros and supporting sentences for cons. Further both of these are called arguments (have supporting sentences for pros and supporting sentences for cons. Both are called arguments)
• It has to use deductive or inductive reasoning, cause and effect. And argument by authority (having deductive or inductive reasons, cause and effect , and authority arguments)

In addition to the generic structure, argumentative also has language forms, namely:

• Using various tenses (multiple tenses): present, past, future
• Using verbs: believe, object, argue
• Using capital; can, will, would, should, etc
• Using adverbs: due to, because, etc
• Using question words : why, how, what, etc

How to write an argument text :

• Introductions are often used to start
• Formal language is used
• Sophisticated connectives help with formal tone
• Paragraphs used to break up ideas
• Writers opinions and views supported by facts
• Aim is to persuade the reader to consider and potentially agree with writer

Example 1

Science and Religion

The communist ideology believes that science does not need religion. Their followers have claimed that religion is drugs or toxin, and toxin in fact make the users drunken or unaware or fly. Thus, there is no need to have religion in this life. They can live happily in balance and in harmony without any religion beside science. They call those who need religion beside science as stupid or old fashioned. Whereby, they call themselves as modern or up to date. 

The opponents to this belief, however think vice versa. Science needs a religion to make it balance. They believe that science without a religion is blind. While religion also needs science. They believe that religion without science is lame. Thus, science and religion are catalysators for mankind to live on the track or in harmony. They called those who do not religion beside science as crazy or insane people. 

In short, both sides have their own arguments to promote their belief and each of whom blame to one another for creating this world imbalance, war, and global crisis.

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Example 2

The biggest problem facing Indonesia today is waste because it is no longer controlled. There is plastic, which is one of the many obstacles that have a big impact on Indonesia. There needs to be an effective step that can reduce the amount of plastic waste.

Uncontrolled waste causes many disasters such as floods, people still litter. Therefore, there needs to be education about waste and how to dispose of waste properly so as not to make mistakes. The government also needs to give strict sanctions if there are people who litter.

Example 3

The human body is no different from the environment around it. The body must be cared for and maintained. If not, the body will be susceptible to various diseases. Just like in maintaining the environment around us. We must actually care for and maintain the environment, so that the environment is not easily damaged.

If the surrounding environment is neglected or even damaged, then the environment will endanger humans themselves. Therefore, we must care for the surrounding environment as we care for our own bodies. This is what is meant by preserving the environment. A healthy and well-maintained environment reflects ourselves who live around it.

Example 4

Indonesian Education Challenges

Even though Indonesia has the largest archipelago and numerous ethnic groups, there are still areas that are difficult to reach by modern advances and lack an adequate education system. For example, in Papua, which is the easternmost island of Indonesia, educational facilities are still limited due to challenging transportation access and a lack of adequate teaching staff. 

This fact can be seen in the number of state elementary schools in Papua Province, which only reaches around 1,627 schools. This figure does not even reach half of the number of elementary schools in DKI Jakarta, which reaches 2,951 schools. This significant education gap indicates that Papua Province is still far behind compared to big cities in Indonesia.